Question

Given an input string (s) and a pattern (p), implement regular expression matching with support for '.' and '*'.

'.' Matches any single character. '*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element.

The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).

Note:

  • s could be empty and contains only lowercase letters a-z.
  • p could be empty and contains only lowercase letters a-z, and characters like . or *. Example 1:

Input: s = "aa"
p = "a"
Output: false
Explanation: "a" does not match the entire string "aa".

Example 2:

Input:
s = "aa"
p = "a"
Output: true
Explanation: '
' means zero or more of the precedeng element, 'a'. Therefore, by repeating 'a' once, it becomes "aa".

Example 3:

Input:
s = "ab"
p = "."
Output: true
Explanation: ".
" means "zero or more (*) of any character (.)".

Example 4:

Input:
s = "aab"
p = "cab"
Output: true
Explanation: c can be repeated 0 times, a can be repeated 1 time. Therefore it matches "aab".

Example 5:

Input:
s = "mississippi"
p = "misisp."
*Output:
false

Difficulty:Hard

Category:String, DP

Analyze

这道求正则表达式匹配的题和那道 Wildcard Matching 通配符匹配的题很类似,不同点在于的意义不同,在之前那道题中,表示可以代替任意个数的字符,而这道题中的表示之前那个字符可以有0个,1个或是多个,就是说,字符串ab,可以表示b或是aaab,即a的个数任意,这道题的难度要相对之前那一道大一些,分的情况的要复杂一些,需要用递归Recursion来解,大概思路如下:

  • 若p为空,若s也为空,返回true,反之返回false
  • 若p的长度为1,若s长度也为1,且相同或是p为'.'则返回true,反之返回false
  • 若p的第二个字符不为*,若此时s为空返回false,否则判断首字符是否匹配,且从各自的第二个字符开始调用递归函数匹配
  • 若p的第二个字符为*,若s不为空且字符匹配,调用递归函数匹配s和去掉前两个字符的p,若匹配返回true,否则s去掉首字母
  • 返回调用递归函数匹配s和去掉前两个字符的p的结果

Solution

class Solution {
 public:
  bool isMatch(string s, string p) {
    if (p.empty()) return s.empty();
    if (p.size() == 1) {
      return (s.size() == 1 && ((s[0] == p[0]) || p[0] == '.'));
    }
    if (p[1] != '*') {
      if (s.empty()) return false;
      return (s[0] == p[0] || p[0] == '.') && isMatch(s.substr(1), p.substr(1));
    }
    while (!s.empty() && (s[0] == p[0] || p[0] == '.')) {
      if (isMatch(s, p.substr(2))) return true;
      s = s.substr(1);
    }

    return isMatch(s, p.substr(2));
  }
};

Others

if( p.empty() && s.empty() ) return true; 和 if (p.empty()) return s.empty();的差异 如果要实现p为空,在s也为空的情况下,返回真值的情况的话,写成p.empty() && s.empty(), 那么在后面的if语句中必须有一个return false; 因为第一种书写方式,是没有处理p.empty()&& !s.empty()这种情况的,这就会出现问题。当出现这种情况的时候,没有返回值,或者返回值出错。 需要仔细理解的地方是:

while (!s.empty() && (s[0] == p[0] || p[0] == '.')) {
  if (isMatch(s, p.substr(2))) return true;
  s = s.substr(1);
}

当这里出现*号的时候,可能前面的字母只有0个或者有很多个,先将其作为有0个的方式去处理,那就是isMatch(s, p.substr(2)),如果有很多个的处理方式就是s = s.substr(1);之后,在判断第一位是不是还和p[0]相同

By guozetang            Updated: 2020-09-19 13:02:30

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